How to Safely Shut Off Your Main Water Supply: A Step-by-Step Guide

Water is essential for daily living, but sometimes, you might need to shut off your main water supply. Whether you're dealing with a plumbing emergency, performing maintenance, or going on an extended trip, knowing how to shut off your water can prevent damage and save money. Here's a comprehensive guide on how to do it safely and efficiently.

Tools You’ll Need

• Adjustable wrench or pliers
• Flashlight (if the area is dimly lit)
• Towel or bucket (in case of minor leaks)

Locating the Main Water Shutoff Valve
The first step is to locate the main water shutoff valve. Here’s where you might find it:

1. Basement or Crawl Space: Often, the shutoff valve is near the front foundation wall.
2. Utility Room: In homes without basements, it might be in a utility room or garage.
3. Outside: In warmer climates, the valve might be located outside, near the street or attached to an exterior wall.

Look for a valve connected to a pipe coming through the floor or wall.

Types of Shutoff Valves

• Gate Valve: This valve looks like a wheel and needs to be turned several times to open or close. Turn it clockwise (right) to shut off.
• Ball Valve: This is a lever-type valve that requires a quarter turn. When the lever is perpendicular to the pipe, the water is off.

Shutting Off the Main Water Supply

1. Turn Off Elements & Pumps
   • If you have an electric water heater, you may want to turn the power off to prevent damage to the elements. If you have a gas water heater, you can turn the knob to the pilot setting. If you have any water heater with a recirculation pump, assure pump is off prior to turning off water to prevent damage.
2. Locate the Valve: Find the main shutoff valve using the guidelines above.
3. Turn Off the Valve:
   • For a gate valve, turn the wheel clockwise until it stops.
   • For a ball valve, turn the lever 90 degrees (a quarter turn) so it is perpendicular to the pipe.
4. Check the Water: Open a faucet in your home to ensure the water is completely off. If no water comes out, you’ve successfully shut off the main supply.

What to Do After Shutting Off the Water

• Drain the Pipes: Open all faucets to drain any remaining water and relieve pressure.
• Perform Necessary Work: Whether it’s an emergency repair or planned maintenance, proceed with your work.
• Turn the Water Back On: Once the work is complete, slowly turn the main valve back on. Open the faucets gradually to allow air to escape and prevent a pressure surge.

Additional Tips

• Know Your Home: Familiarize yourself with your home’s plumbing layout, including where the main shutoff valve is.
• Label the Valve: Clearly label the main shutoff valve so it’s easy to find in an emergency.

• Regular Maintenance: Periodically check the valve to ensure it’s working properly and not corroded or stuck.